Quick Answer
The 2010 Constitution was the product of a long reform journey — from the single-party era, through failed attempts in the 2000s, to the 2007–08 post-election violence that finally forced agreement.
Key facts
- Reform was demanded for decades before 2010.
- Earlier attempts, including a 2005 referendum, failed.
- The 2007–08 crisis became the catalyst.
- A Committee of Experts produced the final draft.
The long road to reform
After independence, the constitution was repeatedly amended to centralise power in the presidency and, for a time, a single party. From the 1990s, civil society, religious leaders and opposition politicians pushed hard for a people-driven constitution.
The false starts
The early 2000s brought a major review process and competing drafts. A proposed constitution was rejected at a referendum in 2005, leaving reform stalled and tensions high.
The breakthrough
The disputed 2007 election triggered widespread post-election violence. The national accord that ended it put constitutional reform at the centre. A Committee of Experts produced a harmonised draft, which Kenyans approved at the 2010 referendum.
Why this matters to you
The Constitution was not handed down — it was won, at great cost. Knowing that history explains why its protections against concentrated power and its emphasis on rights matter so deeply.
Frequently asked questions
Was there an earlier attempt at a new constitution?
Yes — a proposed constitution was rejected at a referendum in 2005.
What finally forced reform?
The 2007–08 post-election violence and the national accord that followed.
Who wrote the final draft?
A Committee of Experts, whose draft was approved at the 2010 referendum.
Sources & references
- Constitution of Kenya 2010 — klrc.go.ke
- Kenya Law — kenyalaw.org